The European Code Against Cancer, 4th edition
The European Code Against Cancer focuses on actions that individual citizens can take for themselves or their families to reduce their risk of developing cancer. For successful cancer prevention, these individual actions need to be supported by government policies and actions.
It is estimated that almost half of all deaths due to cancer in Europe could be avoided if everyone followed the 12 recommendations of the 4th edition of the European Code Against Cancer.
Use the self-paced modules available for each of the 12 recommendations! An additional module explains the methodology followed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to develop the 4th edition of the European Code Against Cancer. To access the modules, please register/login to the learning platform.
Translations into other languages coming soon.
Modules
Methodology
Find out the methods used in the creation of the European Code Against Cancer.
— Dr Carolina Espina, IARC
1A. Tobacco
Do not smoke. Do not use any form of tobacco.
— Dr Maria Leon, IARC
2A. Second-hand smoke
Make your home smoke-free. Support smoke-free policies in your workplace.
— Dr Maria Leon, IARC
3A. Body weight
Take action to be a healthy body weight.
— Dr Martin Wiseman, WCRF
4A. Physical activity
Be physically active in everyday life. Limit the time you spend sitting.
— Dr Martin Wiseman, WCRF
5A. Diet
Have a healthy diet. Eat plenty of whole grains, pulses, vegetables and fruits. Limit high-calorie foods (high in sugar or fat) and avoid sugary drinks. Avoid processed meat, limit red meat and foods high in salt.
— Dr Isabelle Romieu, IARC
6A. Alcohol
If you drink alcohol of any type, limit your intake. Not drinking alcohol is better for cancer prevention.
— Dr Isabelle Romieu, IARC
7A. Sun/UV Exposure
Avoid too much sun, especially for children. Use sun protection. Do not use sunbeds.
— Dr Joachim Schüz, IARC
8A. Pollutants
In the workplace, protect yourself against cancer-causing substances by following health and safety instructions.
— Dr Carolina Espina, IARC
9A. Radiation
Find out if you are exposed to radiation from naturally high radon levels in your home.
Take action to reduce high radon levels.
— Dr Joachim Schüz, IARC
10A. Breastfeeding and HRT
For women, breastfeeding reduces the mother's cancer risk, if you can breastfeed your baby. For women, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) increases the risk of certain cancers, limit use of HRT.
— Dr Isabelle Romieu, IARC, and Dr Karen Brown, University of Leicester (UK)
11A. Vaccination and infections
Ensure your children take part in vaccination programmes for: Hepatitis B (for newborns), Human Papillomavirus (HPV) (for girls).
— Dr Rolando Herrero, IARC
12A. Screening
Take part in organized screening programmes for: Bowel cancer for men and women, breast cancer and cervical cancer for women.
— Dr Paola Armaroli, CPO Piemonte (Italy)
Related resources
- The European Code Against Cancer: cancer-code-europe.iarc.fr
- Cancer Prevention Europe: cancerpreventioneurope.iarc.fr
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies
This second set of modules presents some of the latest evidence that has emerged since the 4th edition of the European Code Against Cancer was published in 2014, and tackles some myths and controversies related to the topics addressed by the 12 recommendations of the European Code Against Cancer, 4th edition.
Use the self-paced modules to learn about further evidence beyond the European Code Against Cancer, 4th edition, and to find out how to differentiate between myths and reality. To access the modules, please register/login to the learning platform.
Modules
1B. Tobacco
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on tobacco and cancer.
— Dr Linda Bauld, Cancer Research UK and the University of Edinburgh (UK)
2B. Second-hand smoke
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on second-hand smoke and cancer.
— Dr Sean Semple, University of Stirling (UK)
3B. Overweight and Obesity
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on overweight and cancer.
— Dr Mazda Jenab, IARC
4B. Physical activity
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on physical activity and cancer.
— Dr Karen Steindorf, German Cancer Research Center (Germany)
5B. Diet
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on diet and cancer.
— Dr Inge Huybrechts, IARC
6B. Alcohol
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on alcohol and cancer.
— Dr Matty Weijenberg, Maastricht University (Netherlands)
7B. Sun exposure
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on sun exposure and cancer.
— Dr Davide Serrano, European Institute of Oncology, Milan (Italy)
8B. Environmental and occupational exposures
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on environmental and occupational exposures and cancer.
— Dr Paolo Vineis, Imperial College London (UK)
9B. Radiation
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on radiation and cancer.
— Dr Joachim Schüz, IARC
10B. Therapies to prevent cancer
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on therapies to prevent cancer.
— Dr Karen Brown, University of Leicester (UK)
11B. Infections
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on infections and cancer.
— Dr Mangesh Thorat, Queen Mary University of London, King's College London and Guy's Hospital London (UK)
12B. Screening
Latest evidence, myths, and controversies on screening and cancer.
— Dr Andre Carvalho, IARC
Acknowledgements
These modules were created thanks to the Cancer Prevention Europe (CPE) partners (cancerpreventioneurope.iarc.fr/consortium), in particular the World Cancer Research Fund International (wcrf.org), and developed by experts from all the CPE partner institutions and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
The translations of these modules were provided by:
- The French National Cancer Institute (INCa), which specializes in comprehensive cancer control and research (e-cancer.fr), and the Centre Léon Bérard (centreleonberard.fr), which is dedicated to comprehensive cancer care, prevention, and research.
- The Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (contraelcancer.es), which leads the efforts of Spanish society to reduce the impact of cancer and to improve people’s lives.
- The Association of European Cancer Leagues (ECL) (europeancancerleagues.org), which provides an exclusive platform for members to collaborate with their international peers, primarily in the areas of cancer prevention, tobacco control, access to medicines, and patient support. The ECL, with the support of grant agreement 101015525 from the Third European Union Health Programme 2014–2020, co-financed the translation into Hungarian with the Hungarian League Against Cancer (rakliga.hu) and the translation into Polish with the Maria Skłodowska-Curie – National Research Institute of Oncology (pib-nio.pl).